It would seem that for all of us to be able to not only speak the same language and to understand that language fluently would be wonderful. It would also seem to be wonderful thing if we were all alike in all other ways as well but none of that is possible nor will any of it ever be possible. Yes, a few of us may know two or ten different languages but the most of us are incapable and even unwilling to learn any one else’s language. Most of us barely can communicate with our own family members in our native language let alone be expected to learn a language that is foreign to our upbringing. Then, of course, if we do trouble ourselves to learn to speak a universal language that you suggest that we might do how do you think our overall understanding of that language will better meet our utilizing that understanding in a way that that language might better communicate our various and unique thoughts on those subjects that we are most interested in to one another?
Languages have evolved and developed over many thousands of years taking on and accumulating various and asunder nuances and intricacies that fulfill each of our own circumstances and natural tendencies. Knowing this about ourselves how long do you think that this ‘new’ language would take to evolve and develop to such a high degree of understanding so that each of us will be able to communicate with one another just as effectively as we do now using our native tongue and a well qualified interpreter to get across our points and our ideas?
We are able to understand one another pretty effectively no matter where we go in the world because we are human beings and being such we can without knowing one another’s language communicate our wants and our needs without too much trouble. In fact, I think that often times it is easier for us to communicate our desires better when we are faced with the understanding that we do not understand one another’s language and we are forced to create a situation where we substitute our verbal communication skills with our other human skills that are common to each one of us.
In other words, I think that too often we like to take the easy way out when we need or are forced to deal with people that seem to be different in some way from ourselves. We like to use language; their language and our language, as a barrier, as a wall, as a fence to more easily isolate and further discriminate our differences them from us. Language differences, like religious differences, ethnic differences, social differences, race differences, class differences and other differences can be used to keep us forever apart or they can be used to join us together in our common understanding of one another.
I think that it would be better for the world if instead of concerning ourselves with developing a common language for all of us to learn that it would be more effective for all of us to respect and accept all of our differences for what they are and to utilize the differences that each of us has to tear down the artificial or superficial barriers and walls and fences that are doing us more harm than good if they were no longer there.
to put it simply, they will be phased out as the world becomes smaller and smaller for everyoenw ill want to communicate with each other, and cannt break the barriers of being unable to understand a different language every time they talk to a different person. if you care to preserve the languages active in the world today, make a system for translation that can allow everyone to speak their home language and be understood by all.
I cannot think of much to say in regard to the world’s languages and those languages constant evolvement caused by our continuous intermixing and coalescing of each language’s peculiar sounds and particular syllable emphasizes and de-emphasizes and beats and rhythms that are associated with each language’s increasing vocabularies and word-meaning alterations.
I disagree with the suggestion or the assumption that every unit is essential to the completion of some great unity or another. I think that in the construction of most of our structures that we tend to build are located many units that are indispensable and are the mainframe or the infrastructure or add to the practical utility and/or the actual functionality of that structure, however, in any structure many other units are, in fact, dispensable and many times they are sacrificed to lesser provinces not immediately thought to be worthwhile, however the wholeness or the integrity of the main structure is kept intact.
In many things of our lives we are willing to sacrifice many others of us because we believe that in sacrificing them we can build a better government, a better business, a better building, a better system, or a better society. That person or those persons or those things we sacrifice such as that brick or stone or wooden board can be removed or that piece of information that we choose to obscure, or that new thought is deliberately forestalled from reaching sympathetic ears are just a few of the plausible ways we all place dispensable impediments or chess ponds in the way of our enemies and our opponents to better assure us of protecting our own metaphoric king and queen and better guaranteeing us our own ways of life to continue on and on.
Maqsood Hasni, your extensive knowledge and study of language is quite impressive and I think that all of it is of use to many of us. I don’t understand much of it but that is to be expected because I am a ignorant man in many ways and nothing shows up my ignorance better than when I read much of what you write on such interesting and deep subjects as this one is.
Every Body In Itself Is Not Complete
By: Maqsood Hasni
Translated by:Prof. Niamat Ali
It gives pleasure to discuss intellectual and literal matters with serious. It helps in the solution to problems and matters. Not only this, a lot of references, links and connections become evident.
How for Yan pal Sorter is correct. His life was linked with particular conditions and his ideas have come forth with respect to this fact. Nobody forms his existence nor is it possible that a man makes himself as he wishes. In this formation of a person’s existence, the whole universe consciously, in some affairs, and unconsciously, in some other ones, is involved. Its reason is that he is a unit of the universe. Every body in itself is not complete even after its completion. He is a part of some great unity. Even while maintaining his identical/ characteristic, he is revolving around some great unity. Being a unit of the whole universe, he connected with a lot units. He affects them and is affected by them. And all this is imposed in a peculiar balance and arrangement. He is responsible not only of himself but all the units existing in the unity. The survival of other units is, in fact, its own strength.
I have already mentioned that a decaying society gets itself linked with some other strong and active society so that it may further live fifty or hundred years more. Thus the survival of another unity is not worthless for it. Each unit of a building, in spite of being separate, cannot get isolation from other units. In this regard, it is not correct to say some unit unimportant. There is no justification of its separation from other units. The importance of cement is compulsory for or each other. The rich for the poor and the poor for the rich. Grief for man and man for grief are not unimportant. They are to move parallel to each other at a time. In this case life can exit. Stasis and stillness are death for each of them.
Languages are in fact the result of sounds. With this reference they revolve around sounds. So long as sounds exit, the existence of languages is unchallenged.
Nature has granted man with some organs as create sounds themselves or sounds come out of them. And these sounds are the same as are present in the universe. In other word, this procedure of give and take is connected with the existence of languages.
Viewed at any level, the combination of countless isolated and compound sounds is present all the languages with small changes. It is true that the grammatical adjustment is occurred according to the linguistic set up of the languages.
All human being are the issue of the same man and the families of this man are composed with the passage of time. Linguistics, therefore, divided languages into different families.
Gojri, Punjabi, Pothohari, Sasaiki, Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Bravi, Pashto, Bangali, Sindhi etc, have many common words. Along with English, other western languages have the association of sounds. Rather a large number of their words are the same and some time their use is also at some places parallel. Hence to say that languages die, is absolutely wrong and baseless. At a time, they are related with:
Man and his families
Different groups
Needs and material necessities
Universe
Everything of the universe
Other languages
While single, groups, combinations and compound sounds is the source of link among them. Every sound has its own mood, behavior, trend and culture. It adopts the form of word accordingly. While with the individual identity, social culture also involves. And it also keeps the nature of sounds with them. When a word enters a society, it also brings with it its culture and these words unconsciously and sometimes consciously plays its role. This adjustment is nature of sounds. If these universal nature links don’t exit, the mater of adjustment cannot be solved. This link of sounds indicates the link of man with man and with the universe. I have described the link of sounds in a writing. I present some examples from Japanese sends(Hira Gana)to show
With respect to the association of other languages. If this piece of work is appreciated, I shall show the link of the remaining sounds of Hira Gana as well as three sounds of Kana Kata. With reference to these sounds, the search of the link between man and universal will become easy. Not only this, it will also help us understand the link of man and universe.
O English Orange
Urdu Okat
Pashto Obaie
Punjabi Ohlay
Pothohari Oha
Saraki Othain
Gojri Ozar
Arabic Olad
Persian Aab-o-dana
A English Apple
Urdu Arada
Pashto Aalan
Punjabi Haey
Pothohari Aeha
Gojri Koey
Arabic Jo-e-kazib
Persian Zerb-e-Shadeed
Oo(ou)English Column
Urdu Oncha
Pashto Ohkh
Punjabi Ochcha
Pothohari Ochcha
Saraki Okhoon
Gojri Outhain
Persian Ouja
E English Elephant
Urdu Eman
Pashto Eman
Punjabi Soee
Pothahari Deekhe
Saraki Ethain
Gojri Eman
Arabic Eman
Persian Eman
Aa (au)English Author
Urdu Aana
Pashto Aaloo
Punjabi Aaeo
Puthohari Aas
Saraki Aapey
Gojri Aalo
Arabic Aaein
Persian Aab
Ko English Cooperation
Urdu Kohat
Pashto Kotek
Punjabi Kookain
Pothohari Korey
Saraeki Koon
Gojri Sakoo
Arabic Kofeh
Persian Kochek
Kay English Keynes
Urdu Dhamakey
Pashto Saskay
Punjabi Ginkay
Pothohari Tukkey
Saraki Phekay
Gojri Nekay
Ku (koo)English Cocker
Urdu Kucha
Pashto Kuchay
Punjabi Kora
Pothohari Kook
Saraki Mekoon
Gojri Koay
Arabic Hatubkaud
Persian Chakoo
Key (kee)English Key
Urdu Tarakey
Pushto Mirchaki
Punjabi Keey
Pothohari Tukkey
Saraki Salamaleki
Gojri Keey
Arabic Makene
Persian Chalaki
Ka English College
Urdu Kamran
Pashto Zamka
Punjabi Kaee
Pothohari Ochuckka
Saraki Lokain
Gojri Thaka
Persian Rakab
Arabic Mutkabalas
So English So, sow
Urdu Socha
Pashto So
Punjabi Soee
Pothohari Sonda
Saraki Soka
Gojri Sohno
Arabi Soaad
Persian Sood
Say(sa)English Sample
Urdu Payasay
Pashto Namesay
Punjabi Hasay
Pothohari Vassay
Saraki Pasay
Gojri Dessay
Soo(su)English Sue
Urdu Suna
Pashto Tosu
Punabi Sunjan
Pothohari Sota
Saraki Sool
Persian Chaharsoo
Shee English She
Urdu Khushee
Pashto Munshee
Punjabi Shereni
Saraki Khushee
Maqsood Hasni, you say, “If Man Dies, Nothing Will Remain Behind”, perhaps, you are correct, but I think that when the last human dies that the world of other living things will continue on until that day comes when those living things die. I think that we as men and women are convinced that our human existence is essential to not only our world but is also essential to the universal continuum as we think that continuum to be, but the essential truth is that we are only essential to ourselves and to our own existence and to no other than us.
Human languages will last as long as humans last. Human plight and human wishes and dreams and creations will last a bit longer but will vanish eventually, too.
Our effects upon other people and ourselves will be absorbed as we choose to absorb those effects. We will take upon ourselves only those effects that we believe will enhance our ability and our capacity to gain something that we believe will benefit us directly or indirectly over the short and the long haul. We will change our attitude and our mood and our sympathies when we feel that to do so is to do something that will benefit our people and ourselves. We will expand our minds only to the extent that our minds believe that to do so behooves us and makes us better and greater than if we would not expand our thinking and our reasoning. We will take on other ideas and other beliefs when we understand for ourselves that those other ways of doing and seeing things are better and are more beneficial to our people and ourselves.
We can no longer stay isolated from the ever-changing conditions presented to us everyday in our world and expect our people and our way of doing things to outlast this juggernaut of modern globalization that is constantly and relentlessly boring into our culture and our traditions. We can stay isolated if we choose but to do so will prove to be a strategic miscalculation because all of those peoples that tried such a thing in the past got rolled over or rolled under at their unfortunate demise or slow death. Isolation of any kind only shows others our own ignorance and it also identifies better to our real and unreal enemies where we can be found or where we are hiding.
The ego of humankind, it seems, will always out-distance its ability to understand the workings of the true universal!
Ignorance grows on the broad backs of fears and those fears force people to crawl like cowards away from new ideas and new things and cause those same people to live lives of mental and physical poverty forever!
If Man Dies, Nothing Will Remain Behind
By: Maqsood Hasni
Translated by: Prof Niamat Ali
A Language and society don’t develop in days rather centuries are required in their construction and development. In other words centuries are not very important in the formation and development of a language. Similarly are taken in their decay or extinction. A decaying society can exist for fifty or hundred years by connecting itself with a develop society. During this while any revolution can occur and any new condition can come into existence in the society, with new moods, can keep pace with the international society.
In the present age, the example of Afghanistan and Iraq can be present. The process of resistance is going on. Social prejudice compels them to résistance. With respect new teachings, a change in their mood and behavior cannot be rejected. However these people will not totally become like the new comers. With reference to new change, newness shall come in them and they will exist in the coming times with their own reference. Their language will also develop with respect to their needs.
In one age, different forms are seen in a language. Urdu novels “Odas Naslen” And “Chandni Begum” Are the novel of same age, but their languages seen different. Difference can seen in the languages of Sir Philip Sidney and Coleridge. Goethe’s language and today language is different. Tagor’s language and today Bengali language is also different. Why? The basic reason is the social behavior and condition as well as writer’s attitude and mood, moreover needs and living style of place will also be considered with respect to associated with the 2nd languages .Languages develop and expression are widened with respect to the past.
Hatred, jealousy, love beauty’s effects started in the very beginning. And this succession is still going on. And it will never end. The series of expression will never come to an end with respect to these senses. This mater will remain the same but its form can very. Man will remain alive till the Last day. Similarly, expression also never die. Man’s behavior and insists are transferred to the coming time and it is an endless series that cannot be changed.
Languages of thousands of the years old mixed in the other languages with their own society cutler. I have already talked with respect to this point in some an other writing. The same is true for sounds. Sounds also alive. The Eastern and western languages have many similar sounds. We are to see the sounds and their references. Re is used for again, La(Arabic) is used for negative, Na(Urdu) is used for infinitive. The English came in the subcontinent and they brought English language and culture. Before them the Arabs had come. The languages of the subcontinent were affected. But it was a good effect on the native languages. They got new sounds, new styles, new essays and many other references. These things developed the languages.
The People of the past died. The echo of their ideas can be heard even today. The words of this languages of their sounds are present in all the languages of the world.
A person adopts a foreign culture and language in about ten years when he live there. As soon as he finds a person of his native country, his manners will be changed and he will start speaking his native language. A Arbi speaks English With the English but as soon as he finds another Arbi, he starts speaking with him in their particular tone/accent. It is a separate mater that English has already affect his speaking.
Man’s basic needs remain the same. The same is true for behaviors. Languages are not separate from men. Man’s habits and needs are transferred to the coming generations. Similarly his medium of expression is also conveyed to the next generation. Only his features, living style, way of talking as per situation and dress are changed. Otherwise nothing is changed. By changing place, the coming generations lose control over some sounds but alternative come forth. In this way this action of expression is not stopped. Whenever expression stops, revolutions and many other changes are generated. However these things are also not injurious to a language. These things are also provide languages with energy. The culture of Texlaand and Mohingodaro is centuries old. Some of their persons might have survived them who propagated their effects to the coming generations.
To talk about the death of man is, evidently, based on ignorance. If man dies, nothing will remain behind. Everything exists with man. Everything is connected man and he will ever propagated these things to the coming generation.
I think that many languages have died out over the years because those languages were unable to survive the onslaught of a dominate language that overtook that native language because it, the dominate language, was spoken by a people that dominated the native people. In that forced domination that dominating people in no more than three generations or less completely eliminated that native language from that society. Perhaps, two people that speak that native language could survive those three generations (approximately sixty years) of their own people but even if they did and even if they could still speak and understand one another that native language for all practicable communicative purposes that native language is no more. Sure a few people might take it upon themselves to try and learn that native language for an amusing project or something but that native language will not recover its forced demise.
Hundreds of languages once spoken by thousands of people or even millions of people are dead now and many others are well on their way to extinction because of one reason or another reason but mostly because another dominate people has forced their language on the natives or because these natives, probably, reluctantly could not sustain their language in the face of the insistent fact that, in order, for the natives themselves to survive in the ‘real’ world where they soon found themselves their native language was found to be untenable for personal and familial economic, financial, political, judicial, and educational reasons and/or benefits.
All of the worlds’ dominate languages are expanding and coalescing as we speak. This phenomenon is unstoppable and the outcome of this, at least, here in the U.S. will be that the English or the Americanized English spoken here will someday be a homogenization of all of these dominate languages and that blending of languages will make it possible for just about any American and for any foreigner to better understand one another when we attempt to communicate our thoughts to one another. This single event could be the beginning of the end for many of our too many misunderstandings that occur now. Who knows, perhaps, when that day is upon us you will understand me, better and I will understand you better, as well.
I think that as long as one person remembers any particular language that that particular language lives but when that person dies that language is dead!
Languages Never Die Till Its Two speakers
By: Maqsood Hasni
Translated by: Prof Niamat Ali
It is a fact that a language is related with its speakers. So far as the speakers are alive, the language remains alive. Dr. Sohail Bukhari asserts: Even if two speakers of a language are alive, the language remains alive. It can never be destroyed by an invader language. Small languages are influenced by great or ruler language rather they affect the ruler language with any attack the cycle of their expression is widened. The sub-continent languages have been impressed by Arabic, Persian, Turkish etc. But the local languages have not come to an end.
When a sound or word enters an other language, it adopts the temperament, tendency and culture of the language. But if a word or sound does not adopt the local language set up, it remains a refugee or immigrant. In this regard, a lot of examples can be presented. Hoor, Ahwah, Aasami, Okat etc., are such words as are present in Sindhi, Baloochi, Punjabi, Urdu, Pashto, etc. Dictionary regards them as foreign ones though now they are not foreign with respect their uses and meanings. An Arab would never accept them as singular. Similarly a lot of English words have been used in the sub-continent languages in their set up. The words Tenshanen, Advician Tuberalat, etc are not acceptable by any Englishman as of his language. By combining infantine to foreign words, some transitive verbs and idioms have been derived. However it must be realize that so far as the speakers of a language are alive, the language is alive. The local and foreign languages widen the cycles of expression. In oppression movement is improved. Therefore, we must not be worried in these street circumstances.
It is wise to learn the language that is dictating where your economical wellness for your family is being determined and manipulated. Learn that language well and be sure to teach your children that language well, too. A language that does not provide you or your family members a sense of knowing what is going on in the world where they now find themselves is of no real use to you or to them. Learning a language that is spoken at home or in the neighborhood where you reside is always a good thing to know but one must always keep in mind the bigger picture the picture that better assures you and your family a brighter future now and tomorrow. The other language is and was what it was but if one decides to stay with that small language one is destined to die out in ignorance and probably poverty. If your small language dies out that is not so bad because in the known world that we all know about all things big and small have eventually died out over a period of time. Hang on to that “small” language as long as you can but you will have a time convincing your children and your grandchildren of hanging on to that language because as I remember my mother trying to teach me her Hawaiian language when all the other children around me spoke English and I, therefore, had had no desire to learn and could see no reason to learn that language when it was all that I could handle to try to learn this complicated (to me) English language which I am still trying to keep up with, now.
I think that it is wise for all people everywhere to learn to the best of their ability that language which best provides them and their loved ones with the capacity to understand what is best for them financially, politically, commercially, and judiciously. I think that to learn your native “small” language is worthy for as far as it goes but if learning that ‘small’ language interferes significantly with a person’s ability to learn that more ‘significant’ language than by all means forget that small language for the present and pick up on it again later. But, if one does not learn that ‘significant’ language that person will not only let himself or herself down but will surely let down his or her family, too.
It is not imperative to learn that small language because in the scheme of the this great massiveness where we find ourselves all things come and all things go, but while we are here in the here and now it is imperative to make our lives and the lives of our loved ones the best that we can and to do that we must learn that large language so that we can more easily and more successfully do our very best.
My mother tried o get me to learn her native Hawaiian language when I was a small child but when I was surrounded day and night by English speaking people I could see no advantage in learning it. I have come to the conclusion that it would have been good to learn that language for the novelty of impressing a few people here and over there in Hawaii but it was best for me and mine that I made it my top priority to learn English because English is the language that controls my entire life and my family’s lively hood.
I believe that eventually with globolization, the English language would be the OFFICIAL international language and that small languages, like my own (Maltese) will unfortunately die out. I say unfortunately for many reasons. First of all because we are losing one of the main sources of identification as a nation on our own. This is important to keep because everybody, at some time in his life, needs to finds his roots and in the language lie the roots.Another thing is that with the officialization of one language as the international one this would lead to the superiority and exploitation of the bigger countries on the smaller ones, something like neo-colonialism. This doesn't mean that I underestimate the importance of English. Even here we can see the importance of English, because I am communicating across the globe with it, but I strongly believe that within the nation one must take great care of his own language and promote it as much as possible first and foremost. Unfortunately in Malta the English language is taking the upper hand and this can be seen from the language of hte youth that continously use more and more English in their speech and also prefer it as a written language. Also, there is the unfortunate post-colonial mentality that to be qualified for a job one has to present himself either by speaking English or by applying in English. I hope that in 20 years time I would be able to write again and say that my fears were mistaken.
Luxembourgish - Lëtzebuergesch © Mary Carey
Is there any point to preserving a language spoken by less than .008% of the global population? Yes, because it’s the key to the identity and culture of a people, or so thinks tiny, multilingual Luxembourg. Here, the country’s national motto is “Mir wëllen bleiwen wat mir sin” (We want to remain what we are).
In 2002 the U.N. reported that half of approximately 6,000 languages currently spoken worldwide are endangered to some degree or dying out. This announcement immediately put the preservation of “dying” languages in the hot topic box. Mounting pressure from globalization makes a move to one common language seem inevitable, and to many, the preferable option. In a perceived war against the language and heritage, Luxembourg has taken intelligent measures and is winning small battles to keep their mother tongue a living language.
Luxembourg has a particularly complicated linguistic situation recognizing three official languages; French, German and “Lëtzebuergesch”. Approximately 36% of the country's population and 48% of the workforce hold a foreign passport. In a country you can practically wall-to-wall carpet from one end to the other, and where the population is only around 400,000 inhabitants, this percentage of residents is a double edged sword. On one hand, they are a necessary evil which has made the formerly insular country one of the richest in the world. On the other hand, it leaves the nationals wide open to absorbing more dominating foreign cultures. Luxembourgers are well aware that the key to “remaining who they are” is through the promotion of their native tongue, especially by enticing residents to become citizens, who in turn will raise their children in Luxembourgish schools. As in all things, the young carry the promise of the future.
"Lëtzebuergesch" is the everyday spoken language of the people, and the symbol of the Luxembourgish national identity, to which many natives (especially the elderly) are fiercely loyal. While many older expatriates who live here grapple with learning the language or get by with French and English, children soak up "Lëtzebuergesch" like a sponge. Local sports teams require some knowledge of the language for children to be able to play, and even if they start a sport knowing few words, children quickly pick up enough to get by.
Luxembourgish is spoken in the two years of “Spillschoul” (kindergarten). This strong promotion of the language in primary education plays a major part in its chances of survival. Although children start German in first year and French in the second, Luxembourgish is taught in some form until the eighth grade. Literary publishing in Luxembourgish is remarkably healthy. Particularly rich is the plethora of exclusively Luxembourgish children’s books, such as Jhemp Hoscheit's "Zodi Am Schatofor" (Trouble in the Castle) and “Pakatufi” by Guy Rewenig. This support of the language ensures the continuance of its existence although admittedly, this protectionism can sometimes backfire in the dissemination of the culture. If such a unique book to the Luxemourgish culture as “Schacko Klak” by author Roger Manderscheid were to be translated into other languages, the culture of this tiny Burg could be celebrated further a field than the strict perimeters of its border. Sometimes, Luxembourgish artists in their desire to protect their language, do themselves a disservice by not also offering their work to the rest of the world.
But this protectionism has roots. Up until surprisingly recently, Luxembourgish existed only as an oral form of communication. An official dictionary was not recognized until 1976, influenced by the movement, Actioun Lëtzebuergesch, which actively promoted the new official spelling in its own publication Eis Sprooch, and anywhere else possible. Since the language law of 1984, the influence of Actioun Lëtzebuergesch has grown, and now all signs, notices, etc appearing in “Lëtzebuergesch” have to be in this official orthography.
Numerous societies have taken up the language’s cause. As a sign of its upward trajectory, there is not only a Centre for Luxembourg Studies at Sheffield University, but also a plethora of Luxembourg language classes and dedicated web sites within the country to try to meet the growing interest.
A living language has to change to survive. The proof of its vitality is how young people keep it alive and thriving. Decency prohibits including an example, but a web site of spicy and inventive Luxembourgish swear words reveals that fertile imaginations are at work. A superb local ska band, TOXKÄPP (the stubborn ones) write very clever lyrics exclusively in Luxembourgish. With songs like Strossën-Rowdie (Street-rowdy) dedicated to the typical Luxembourgish aggressive expensive car owner, and Beierland (Beer-land) dedicated to the typical everyone here in Luxembourg, they keep the lingo current.
As a measure to promote the language the government now requires migrants who want citizenship to study it. An increasing number of workplaces, whether government offices or grocery stores, require employees to speak and write in Luxembourgish. This is a clever move as the country stands poised to absorb a large influx of immigrants. Estimates foresee the nation’s population doubling by 2010 under European Union expansion. The Luxembourgish passport is a desirable commodity. Beginner language classes in recent years are full to the brim with people anxious to live a life of quality in a stable and peaceful country. Learning Luxembourgish allows residents to fully participate in the day-to-day life so that one doesn’t always remain an expatriate, but it also provides a key to more employment opportunities.
An excellent reference point is http://www.luxembourg.co.uk/lingua.html, which offers a more in-depth look at the language and a comprehensive list of links dedicated to the Lëtzebuergesch language.
I think that “small languages” will be deeply influenced by “larger languages” such as English because of the enormous pressure put upon those people everywhere that will need to compete successfully in world markets. I think that with the explosion of the digitized cell phone and other communication devices that put anyone who has access to such devices instantly in touch with badly needed information, in order, for that person to make up-to-date analysis concerning his vested interests around the globe will need to know at least one or more of the “larger languages” whether it is English, French, Chinese, Arabic, Spanish, et cetera, may make the difference between being a second or third rate decision maker or being an equal partner with other first rate makers of world policy.
I don’t think that it is necessarily bad to allow an intelligent peoples such as the Pakistani’s are to learn as much as they care to know about any “large language” if the learning of that language promotes their own ability to better their own people’s position at home and abroad. I think it is much like the learning of any other communicative tool that by learning the use of that tool better facilitates one’s own people’s well being in the end is best for all concerned.
As to the effect of English or any other “large language” on a nation’s culture and traditions cannot be easily predicted, however, cultures and traditions historically are always evolving and always undergoing some kind of change. The more anyone tries to prevent such changes, usually, cause the unwanted change to occur more quickly.
I believe that all cultures need to preserve their own culture by maintaining that culture’s respect for itself in an intelligent manner, i.e., keep the traditions alive by celebrating that cultures foundations and remembering their inspirational leaders by holding national holidays and observances. Great respect and great honor of a great people must always be held in plain sight for all to see and for all to remember! But, as great leaders know, in order, to allow their ancient culture to survive they must allow their people to learn to live and grow in an ever changing world, and if they don’t their proud and ancient culture will go the way of the Aztecs and exist no more.
There is a horrible attack of English language on small languages in Pakistan .Some scholars say that in this century 90% languages are under attack of English,and these languages will die in this century .
If these languages die ,the whole culture and tradition will die of that nation/community/group ,who speak that language .What yo think about it